综述:2023,台湾民众须“优先保饭碗”的一年******
中新社北京1月9日电 (记者 刘舒凌)新年伊始,台湾财经界弥漫一股“低气压”。不少中小企业已冻结人力招聘,失业率恶化或于农历春节后进一步显现,“不要轻易辞职”“不要贸然理财”是民众时常听到的忠告。
也就是说,2023是应当“优先保饭碗”的一年。
过去的三年,台湾经济在新冠疫情影响下仍保持增长。台当局“主计总处”数据显示,2020年、2021年GDP增速分别为3.36%、6.57%,据最近一次预测,2022年增速为3.06%。多数观点认为,作为国际市场上少数能维持正常生产供货的地区,外贸活络尤其庞大的电子消费品需求拉抬了台湾近三年的总体经济表现,一扫多年“保二”(确保增长率不低于2%)的疲态。
只是,2022年第四季以来,受通胀压力笼罩、全球主要央行持续紧缩等因素夹击,国际需求降温,令该季商品出口预计较2021年同期减少3.89%,台湾经济情势正急转直下。
台湾一般被称作出口导向型经济体,出口占整体GDP比重达六成以上。期望新的一年以潜力较有限的内需增长抵挡出口衰退、支撑整体经济,显然难度太大。况且,台湾“中央大学”台湾经济发展研究中心执行的台湾消费者信心指数(CCI)调查显示,去年12月份,该指数已连续第4个月下滑(降至59.12),为2009年10月以来新低。
该中心执行长吴大任对外表示,台湾出口正在衰退,相关制造业企业经营压力大,裁员已经开始;春节后订单若未回温,失业率有可能出现恶化。台湾当局“发展委员会”去年12月27日发布的11月景气灯号,也从“景气趋弱”的黄蓝灯转为“景气低迷”的蓝灯,综合分数为2009年5月以来新低。
目前看,对于国际经济情势调整的冲击力度与持续时间,台当局及民间企业显然估计不足。高科技产业如半导体行业去年年中进入下行周期,库存周转天数保持在高位,芯片价格下滑,“龙头”台积电也未能幸免、今年第一季营收将季减15%,行业库存调整或持续至今年下半年。传统制造业方面,拥有“捷安特”品牌的全球自行车“龙头”台湾巨大集团库存“爆仓”,去年12月中旬一纸展延支付供应商货款的公告震动市场,让公众注意到“绩优生”面对市场快速紧缩的窘况。
尤其引发焦虑的是,台产业结构多为垂直分工,供应链中的厂商彼此交易非常频繁,如有一两家爆发严重财务危机,会在其他厂商之中产生连锁反应,有可能转成系统性金融问题。
景气循环何时见底,会否“先蹲后跳”,于2023年下半年迎来春暖花开?这是当前台湾财经界讨论最多的问题,官方亦不得不出面稳定市场信心。台当局财政主管部门代理负责人阮清华去年12月26日在台立法机构答询时已表达,台官方金融安定基金(该基金管委会为维持金融市场稳定的专责机构)进场时间“不排除两年”,主因是经济情势比2009年(金融海啸)时更严重,可能持续时间更长,不确定因素较多。
近来,岛内经济专家、学者在官方、民间各种研讨场合里,关注点集中于近159万家企业及920万劳工(占全台湾就业80.4%)在当前低成长高成本环境下的困境。最新数据显示,去年11月全台外销接单衰退逾23%、第四季度为全年最低点。
多位专家呼吁,台湾仍有举债空间,当局应优先将财政预算投向中小企业及从业员工等弱势群体,提供一些补助,纾解财务、利息方面负担。衰退危险当前,救经济“急如星火”,台当局如何应对值得观察。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.