【网络强国这十年】动画丨回眸我国网络安全领域那些重要成就******
在数字化浪潮下,日新月异的科学技术让万物互联迅速发展,打造网络安全空间将持续面临诸多挑战。
9月5日至11日,2022国家网络安全宣传周博览会在安徽合肥举行
党的十八大以来,深入贯彻落实网络强国重要思想,我国网信领域成绩斐然。下面,就让我们一起回眸我国网络安全领域取得的成就。
我国网络安全教育、技术、产业方面推进融合发展。目前,国内已有60多所高校设立了网络安全学院,200余所高校设立网络安全本科专业,每年网络安全毕业生超过2万人;设立网络安全专项基金,已建成了国家网络安全人才与创新基地,组织建设国家网络安全教育技术产业融合发展试验区。
我国网络安全政策法规体系基本形成。《中华人民共和国网络安全法》自2017年6月1日正式实施以来已有五年。这意味着,网络安全同国土安全、经济安全等一样,成为国家安全的重要组成部分。
此外,在网络信息内容治理领域实施《网络信息内容生态治理规定》《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》等;在个人信息保护领域实施《民法典》《个人信息保护法》《数据安全法》等;在数据安全领域实施《数据安全法》《区块链信息服务管理规定》《汽车数据安全管理若干规定(试行)》等。在此基础上,还出台了《网络安全审查办法》《云计算服务安全评估办法》等政策文件,建立关键信息基础设施安全保护、数据安全管理、个人信息保护等一系列的重要制度,发布300余项国家标准,基本构建起网络安全政策法规体系的“四梁八柱”。
国家网络安全工作体系不断健全。2016年12月我国发布的首份《国家网络空间安全战略》中规定,“完善网络安全监测预警和网络安全重大事件应急处置机制”。中央网信办印发的《国家网络安全事件应急预案》于2017年6月向社会公开发布。以“一案三制”为核心,构建起“全国一盘棋”的工作体系。
我国关键信息基础设施安全保护体系和能力显著加强。在《网络安全法》中首次提出“关键信息基础设施”的概念。《关键信息基础设施安全保护条例》由国务院公布,并于2021年9月1日起正式施行。作为网络安全法的配套立法,是我国首部专门针对关键信息技术设施安全保护工作的行政法规。“关基”保护有法可依,开展网络安全工作有序有度。
我国网络安全风险防范能力持续加强。2022年2月修订的新版《网络安全审查办法》正式施行,已从“原2020 版”迭代升级。建立国家网络安全审查工作机制,对关键信息基础设施运营者采购活动进行审查,有力维护网络安全和数据安全,防范和化解国家安全风险。此外,由中共中央办公厅发布的《党委(党组)网络安全工作责任制实施办法》,于2017年8月15日起施行。作为《中国共产党党内法规汇编》唯一收录的网络安全领域的党内法规,对厘清网络安全责任、落实保障措施、推动网信事业发展产生巨大影响,推进我国网络安全工作责任制明显夯实。
当前,我国推进5G快速健康发展,同时深入开展6G应用场景研究,着力推动关键技术创新突破,积极促进国际交流合作。未来,如何营造清朗网络空间深度赋能行业高质量发展,为推进网络综合治理我国将不断探索“妙招”,向世界持续输出“中国良方”。
监制:张宁 李政葳 策划:孔繁鑫制作:王一涵
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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